Ahmes was an ancient Egyptian scribe who lived near the end of the Fifteenth Dynasty and the beginning of the Eighteenth Dynasty, around 1550 BC. He copied the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, a document containing mathematical problems and methods such as unit fractions, multiplication by doubling, and calculations of areas and volumes—including an approximation of π pi . Ahmes stated that the material he recorded was based on an even older document dating to about 2000 BC. He is considered the earliest known contributor to mathematics whose name has been preserved.

Pythagoras was an ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician, born around 570 BC and died 495 B,C, on the island of Samos, Greece.

Theano of Crotone , born in 546 BC. to 495 B.C., was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, and physician; many said tthat she might have been the wife or student of Pythagoras.

Euclid was an ancient Greek mathematician, who lived around 300 BC. He is said to have died around 265 B.C. in Alexandria, Egypt.

Archimedes was a Greek mathematician, inventor, and scientist born around 287 B.C., and died in 212 B.C.

Hipparchus was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician who lived around 190 to 120 BC.

Zu Chongzhi (429–500 AD), courtesy name Wenyuan, was a Chinese mathematician, astronomer, and engineer who lived during the Liu Song and Southern Qi dynasties. He is best known for his remarkably precise calculation of π and for improving the Chinese calendar system.

Al-Khwarizmi was a mathematician, who lived from 780 AD to 850 AD. during the Islamic Golden Age.

Fibonacci, also known as Leonardo of Pisa, was born around 1170 and died around 1250, in Italy, although the exact date is uncertain.

René Descartes was born March 31, 1596, La Haye en Touraine, France and died February 11, 1650, in Stockholm, Sweden.

Pierre de Fermat was a French mathematician, who lived from August 17, 1601, to January 12, 1665

Blaise Pascal was a French mathematician, physicist, inventor, philosopher, and writer, born on June 19, 1623, and died on August 19, 1662.

Isaac Newton was an English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer, who lived from January 4, 1643, to March 31, 1727.

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) was a German polymath.

Jacob Bernoulli was born on December 27, 1654 and passed away on August 16, 1705 in Basel, Switzerland.

Daniel Bernoulli born on February 8, 1700, in Groningen, Netherlands and died on March 17, 1782, in Basel, Switzerland.

Leonhard Euler was a Swiss mathematician and physicist, born on April 15, 1707, in Basel, Switzerland. And died on September 18, 1783 in Saint Petersburg.

Sophie Germain (1776-1831) was a pioneering French mathematician and physicist.

Carl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathematician and astronomer, born on April 30, 1777, and died February 23, 1855.

Siméon Denis Poisson, born 1781 and died in 1840, was a French mathematician and physicist.